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Campanula /kæmˈpænjʊlə/

Common name: Bellflower · Harebell · Canterbury bells

Campanula is a genus of some 300-500 annual, biennial, and perennial species in the bellflower family (Campanulaceae), native mostly to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity around the Mediterranean and in the mountains of Europe and western Asia. Plants range from tiny alpine mat- and cushion-formers only a few centimeters tall to upright border perennials, all carrying the characteristic nodding, bell-shaped flowers in shades of blue, violet, purple, or white. They are grown for cottage borders, walls, troughs, and rock gardens, where the dwarf mountain species are especially prized.

Care summary

Sun Full sun to partial shade; alpine species prefer sun with cool roots
Water Keep evenly moist in growth; avoid waterlogging, especially in winter
Soil Well-drained, moderately fertile soil; alpines need a gritty, sharply drained mix
Hardiness Zones 3–8
Mature height 5–150 cm (2 in–5 ft), depending on species
Pet safe Campanula species are listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs
Propagation By seed, or by division or basal cuttings in spring

Fun facts

  • The name Campanula comes from the Latin campana, meaning little bell, after the flower shape.
  • The harebell (Campanula rotundifolia) is the bluebell of Scotland and a classic wildflower of northern meadows.
  • Rampion bellflower (Campanula rapunculus) was grown as a salad and root vegetable and gives the fairy-tale heroine Rapunzel her name.
  • Dwarf species such as Campanula cochleariifolia form tight cushions and are staples of alpine troughs and crevice gardens.

Common problems

    • Plant in sharply drained gritty soil
    • Avoid piling mulch against crowns
    • Divide and replant healthy sections
    • Set beer traps near vulnerable plants
    • Apply iron phosphate slug bait
    • Remove hiding spots like boards
    • Space plants for good air circulation
    • Water at the base only
    • Cut back mildewed growth after flowering
    • Blast aphids off with a strong water jet
    • Wipe buds with diluted soapy water
    • Spray neem oil on infested buds
    • Encourage ladybugs and lacewings nearby