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Dianthus

Common name: Pinks · Carnations · Sweet William

Dianthus is a genus of around 300 species of flowering perennials, biennials, and annuals in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia with a few species in North America and Africa. Most form tufts or mats of narrow blue-grey foliage topped by five-petaled, often fringed or notched flowers in shades of pink, red, and white, many with a spicy clove-like fragrance. The genus includes the florist carnation (D. caryophyllus), sweet William (D. barbatus), and countless compact pinks prized in rock gardens, borders, and containers for their long bloom and neat, evergreen foliage.

Care summary

Sun Full sun; tolerates light afternoon shade in hot climates
Water Water moderately; let soil dry between waterings and avoid wet crowns
Soil Gritty, sharply drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil; hates wet, heavy clay
Hardiness Zones 3–9
Mature height 5–60 cm (2–24 in)
Pet safe Mildly toxic to cats and dogs per ASPCA; may cause GI upset and dermatitis
Propagation By seed, stem tip cuttings, or layering in summer; divide mats in spring

Fun facts

  • The name Dianthus comes from the Greek dios (divine) and anthos (flower), meaning "flower of the gods".
  • The common name "pink" may have come before the color; the petals look "pinked" (punched with decorative notches), and the color may be named after the flower.
  • Carnation petals are edible and were historically used to flavor wine, syrups, and the French liqueur Chartreuse.
  • Many alpine species, such as D. alpinus and D. gratianopolitanus, form tight evergreen cushions ideal for rock gardens and crevices.

Common problems

    • Plant in well-drained, gritty soil
    • Add grit to clay planting holes
    • Blast aphids off with a strong water spray
    • Dab clusters with diluted dish soap solution
    • Pinch off badly infested buds and tips
    • Encourage ladybugs and lacewings nearby
    • Water at the base, not overhead
    • Remove and bin infected leaves promptly
    • Space plants for good air flow