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Ilex /ˈiːleks/

Common name: Holly

Ilex is a genus of over 500 species of evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, found worldwide. Hollies are known for their glossy, often spiny leaves and bright red berries on female plants in winter. They are widely used as ornamentals, hedges, and holiday decorations.

Care summary

Sun Full sun to partial shade
Water Moderate; prefers consistent moisture
Soil Well-drained, slightly acidic
Hardiness Zones 5–9 depending on species
Mature height 1–15 m (3–50 ft) depending on species
Pet safe Berries are toxic if ingested

Fun facts

  • Hollies are dioecious — you need both a male and female plant for berries.
  • Holly wreaths were used in pagan winter celebrations long before Christmas traditions.
  • Holly berries are an important winter food source for birds.

Common problems

    • Remove and destroy mined leaves
    • Encourage beneficial parasitic wasps
    • Scrape off scales by hand
    • Apply horticultural oil in early spring
    • Plant in a sheltered spot
    • Water well before the ground freezes
    • Plant a compatible male nearby
    • Check plant sex before buying