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Lewisia

Common name: Bitterroot · Cliff maids

Lewisia is a small genus of succulent-leaved perennials native to the mountains and rocky slopes of western North America. Plants form low rosettes of fleshy evergreen or deciduous leaves and produce brilliantly colored, funnel-shaped flowers in shades of pink, magenta, orange, yellow, and white in spring and early summer. Prized by rock gardeners for their showy blooms, they demand perfect drainage and resent winter wet. The genus is named for Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Care summary

Sun Full sun; evergreen species tolerate light shade
Water Water sparingly; keep nearly dry in winter and never let crowns sit in wet soil
Soil Gritty, sharply drained, low-humus mix; gravel or scree is ideal
Hardiness Zones 3–9
Mature height 5–30 cm (2–12 in)
Pet safe Not listed as toxic by the ASPCA; its 'Bitter Root' entry refers to dogbane, not Lewisia
Propagation By seed, or by detaching and rooting offsets in spring

Fun facts

  • The genus honors Meriwether Lewis, who collected the first specimens during the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
  • Lewisia rediviva is the state flower of Montana, and the Bitterroot Mountains and River are named for it.
  • The species name rediviva means 'brought back to life' — a dried specimen reportedly revived after months in an herbarium.
  • The starchy roots were an important food for many Native American tribes, though they taste intensely bitter unless peeled and cooked promptly.

Common problems

    • Grow in gritty, free-draining soil
    • Keep the crown dry over winter
    • Plant rosettes tilted on a slope
    • Grow in gritty, free-draining soil
    • Keep the crown dry over winter
    • Plant rosettes tilted on a slope
    • Set slug traps or barriers nearby
    • Clear hiding debris around plants
    • Rinse buds off with a strong water jet
    • Wipe aphids away with a damp cloth
    • Spray buds with diluted insecticidal soap
    • Release ladybugs near infested plants