Log in or sign up

Tillandsia

Common name: Air plants

Tillandsia is a genus of roughly 650 species of epiphytic bromeliads native to the southern United States, Mexico, Central and South America. Most species grow without soil, clinging to trees, rocks, or cacti, and absorb water and nutrients through silvery scales (trichomes) on their leaves. Forms range from tiny tufts a few centimetres tall to large sculptural rosettes such as T. xerographica, often with vivid pink, red, or violet flower spikes. They are grown as easy houseplants and mounted or hanging displays because they need no pot or soil.

Care summary

Sun Bright, indirect light; avoid harsh midday sun
Water Mist 2-3 times a week or soak 20-30 minutes weekly, then dry upside-down
Water interval Water about every 7 days
Soil None — air plant, grows without soil
Hardiness Zones 9–13
Mature height 5–40 cm (2–16 in), varies widely by species
Pet safe Generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs
Propagation By offsets (pups) separated once they reach about a third of the parent size

Fun facts

  • Air plants have no true roots for absorbing water; their roots serve mainly to anchor them to branches and rocks.
  • The leaves are covered in tiny scales called trichomes that trap moisture from fog and rain — the dustier and grayer a plant looks, the better adapted it is to dry conditions.
  • Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an air plant, not a moss, and drapes from trees across the southeastern United States.
  • Most species flower only once in their lives, then slowly fade while producing pups around the base.

Common problems

    • Shake off water after every soaking
    • Dry plants upside down for hours
    • Improve air circulation around plants
    • Soak plants weekly for thirty minutes
    • Mist between soakings in dry rooms
    • Move away from heating vents
    • Move to bright indirect light
    • Filter midday sun with sheer curtain
    • Soak scorched plant briefly to rehydrate
    • Trim off fully bleached leaf tips
    • Dab mealybugs with rubbing alcohol swab
    • Rinse plant thoroughly under running water
    • Spray leaf bases with insecticidal soap
    • Repeat treatment weekly until clear