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Nephrolepis exaltata

Common name: Boston fern · Sword fern

Nephrolepis exaltata is a tropical fern with long, gracefully arching fronds made up of many small leaflets. Native to humid forests of the Americas, it thrives in indirect light and high humidity. The cultivar 'Bostoniensis', the classic Boston fern, became one of the most popular houseplants of the Victorian era.

Care summary

Sun Indirect light to partial shade
Water Keep consistently moist; high humidity
Soil Rich, well-draining, slightly acidic
Hardiness Zones 9–11
Mature height 0.5–1 m (1.5–3 ft) fronds
Pet safe Yes — non-toxic to cats and dogs
Difficulty Moderate
Propagation Propagate by division in spring: remove the plant from its pot, tease the root mass into sections each with several fronds and healthy roots, and pot each section separately. Plantlets formed at the tips of its wiry runners can also be pinned into moist compost and detached once rooted.

Fun facts

  • The Boston fern cultivar was discovered in 1894 among a shipment of sword ferns sent to Boston — hence the name.
  • Like all ferns, it reproduces by spores produced in rows on the undersides of its fronds.
  • Boston ferns were a fixture of Victorian parlors and remain classic hanging-basket plants.
  • Dropping leaflets are usually a cry for more humidity or water, making it a good indoor humidity indicator.

Common problems

    • Mist fronds or use a humidifier
    • Keep plant away from heating vents
    • Stand pot on a pebble tray
    • Let top inch of soil dry
    • Use a pot with drainage holes
    • Repot into fresh airy mix
    • Wipe pests off with soapy water
    • Treat with neem oil spray
    • Isolate plant until pests gone
    • Move to bright indirect light
    • Avoid harsh direct midday sun
    • Acclimate plant gradually to indoor light
    • Keep humidity high and watering steady