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Ocimum basilicum /ˈɒ.sɪ.məm ˌbaːˈzi.li.kʏm/

Common name: Basil · Sweet basil

Ocimum basilicum is an annual herb in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to tropical regions of Africa and southern Asia. Its tender, aromatic leaves are a cornerstone of Mediterranean and Southeast Asian cuisines. It thrives in warm conditions and is highly sensitive to frost.

Care summary

Sun Full sun (6+ hours)
Water Regular; keep soil evenly moist
Soil Rich, moist, well-draining
Hardiness Zones 10–11 (grown as annual elsewhere)
Mature height 0.3–0.6 m (1–2 ft)
Pet safe Non-toxic to cats and dogs
Difficulty Easy
Propagation Stem cuttings root very readily. Take a 10 cm tip cutting below a leaf node, strip the lower leaves, and place it in water or moist potting mix; roots form within a week or two and the cutting can be potted up once they are a few centimeters long. It is also easily grown from seed.

Fun facts

  • Basil is the key ingredient in Italian pesto alla genovese.
  • There are many varieties, including Thai basil, lemon basil, and purple basil.
  • Pinching off flower buds keeps basil producing tender leaves longer.

Common problems

    • Space plants for good airflow
    • Water at the base only
    • Remove and bin infected leaves
    • Blast aphids off with water
    • Spray with diluted insecticidal soap
    • Pull and destroy wilting plants
    • Rotate planting spot each year
    • Choose resistant varieties when available
    • Give at least six hours sun
    • Pinch growing tips to force branching
    • Plant out only after last frost
    • Bring pots indoors before cold nights
    • Pinch off flower buds promptly
    • Harvest leaves regularly to delay bolting